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My city Penza is one of administrative centres of western Russia, at the confluence of the Penza and Sura rivers. The city was founded in 1666 as a major fortress; after 1684 it formed the western end of the Syzran defensive line. It was frequently attacked by the Crimean Tatars, suffering especially in their last assault of 1717. With the settlement of the surrounding lands, Penza became an important agricultural centre. Grain was sent to Moscow, first by the Sura River and, after the 1870s, by rail. The processing of farm products is still a significant economic factor, but it has been surpassed in importance by industries producing machinery, diesel engines, compressors, calculating machines, and bicycles; there are also watchmaking, papermaking, and timber-working industries. The city’s tree-lined streets have spread from the hill, on which the fortress originally stood, onto the level Sura floodplain. Penza has teacher-training, polytechnic, engineering, and agricultural institutes, an observatory, and several industrial-research institutions.
There are many ethnic groups, nationalities and immigrants that live in the Penza Region; among them are representatives of Slavic, Finno-Ugric and Turkish people.
The earliest traces of human activity in the region dates back to the Neolithic epoch. Throughout its history this region was inhabited by a number of tribes. The Srubniks, a southern cattle-breeding tribe, came to the land in the bronze century. Later, a gorodezkic tribe, who were primitive farmers, cattle herders and hunters, inhabited the territory. Local archeologists have also discovered settlements of ancient Mordovians, dating to the first century. In the middle ages, together with Mordovian tribes a burtas-turkic tribe settled the land. During the domination of Golden Hord the tatar feudal state arose on trade ways.
In the 15th century Russians settled in extensive spaces of Prisurje, increasing in number through the 16th century. After the conquest of Kazan by Ivan Grozny and the fall of Kazan Khanate in 1552 the Penza Region was incorporated into the Russian state.
In the middle of the 17th century Russian discoverers of unknown lands approached the river Penza where it runs into the river Sura. Here by a decree from Tzar Aleksey Mikhailovich the town of Penza was founded in 1663. Today it is Penza city, the administrative center and capital of the Penza Region.
On January 1, 2003 the population of the Penza region was recorded to be 1,489,700 people, 964,300 - city-dwellers, and 525,400 - rural residents. The population density is 36.2 people per km2. Russians make up about 86% of the population, though, about 70 other nationalities also live here, among them Tatars, Mordovians, Chuvashans, Ukrainians, Belorussians. The largest cities are: Penza - 519.3 thousand people, Kuznetsk - 96.3 thousand, Serdobsk – 39.3 thousand, Kamenka – 43.5 thousand, and Nizhny Lomov – 25.5 thousand.
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